Weekly market wrap

Despite trade and geopolitical uncertainty, fundamental data continues to deliver

Key takeaways:

• Economic data in both the U.S. and Canada has delivered in the first few months of the year – despite the uncertainties around tariffs, trade and geopolitics. We review three key measures: GDP growth, the labour market and inflation, all of which have been resilient thus far.
• As we head to the second half of the year, there are several catalysts to monitor: Trade negotiations with China and other economies, a potential tax bill in the U.S., and ongoing geopolitical tensions, which historically have had a short-lived impact on financial markets.
• Overall, in this environment, we believe bouts of volatility can be used as opportunities to add quality investments at better prices. We continue to favor diversification and broadening leadership as key investment themes.

Fundamental data held up in the first half of 2025: Three measures on our radar

Overall, economic data has delivered in both the U.S. and Canada in the first few months of the year – despite the uncertainties around tariffs, trade and geopolitics.

First, economic growth has remained above trend. While U.S. GDP was soft in the first quarter, driven in large part by a huge spike in inventories, it appears to be on pace to exceed 3% in the second quarter. This is driven by solid household consumption figures forecast at about 1.7% annually.

Similarly in Canada, GDP growth was a healthy 2.2% in the first quarter of 2025. While it appears on pace to slow to around 1.5% in the second quarter, we believe positive economic growth is likely in Canada.

We continue to see consumption holding steady in both economies, perhaps as inflation has remained contained and the job market has been resilient.

Second, the labour market has held up despite worries of a slowdown. While job growth is cooling, we continue to see an unemployment rate in the U.S. of around 4.2%, and in Canada the unemployment rate hovers around 7%. In both economies, this is well below long-term average unemployment rates. The current labour backdrop can be characterized as one of low hiring but also low firing, as corporations look to hold on to top talent.

Notably, wage gains of around 3.5% to 4%¹ continue to outpace inflation, which means consumers appear to be benefiting from positive real wages. Consumers tend to feel most comfortable spending when they feel secure in their jobs and are seeing wage increases outpace inflation, both of which are in place and remain supportive for now.

Finally, inflation has remained contained thus far in 2025.

Both U.S. and Canadian inflation data continue to remain supportive. Last week, U.S. data for May consumer price index (CPI) and producer price index (PPI) inflation both surprised to the downside, with headline CPI inflation around 2.4%, and PPI inflation around 2.6%. Similarly in Canada, CPI inflation for April was about 1.7%, the lowest level of the year.¹

In our view, tariffs have not yet impacted goods prices, perhaps because companies have built inventories, and they continue to do so even during this 90-day pause. This should help alleviate pricing pressure, even as we head to the back half of 2025, in our view. However, depending on final trade deals, we would expect to see goods pricing increase in the months ahead.

We are also watching the impact of geopolitical tensions on inflation, particularly oil and energy prices. Last week, for example, we did see oil prices move up between 5% and 7%¹ in response to the unrest in the Middle East. However, historically, these sharp moves in commodity prices driven by geopolitics tend to be short-lived.

Stock markets have rebounded in recent weeks

Some of this better economic and inflation data has been reflected in recent stock-price movements. Both the Canadian TSX and the S&P 500 have rebounded over 20%¹ since the April 8 lows. While the S&P 500 still is 2.5% below its February highs, the Canadian TSX has made new highs of the year already.

In our view, this reflects both solid economic and earnings data, as well as the U.S. administration walking back some of the higher tariff rates. However, we would expect bouts of volatility as investors digest key catalysts in the weeks ahead.

As we head into the second half of 2025, we are watching several critical catalysts:

1) Tariff and trade negotiations in the weeks ahead

Over the last week, we have gotten a few key updates on the trade and tariff negotiations. Perhaps the two we are watching most closely is a potential deal between the U.S. and China and the July 9 end of the 90-day pause with other major trading partners:

- China and the U.S. have established a trading "framework" in theory: This past week, we heard from both U.S. and Chinese officials that a trade framework between the economies has been established. This includes tariffs on Chinese exports coming down from 145% to 55% (10% reciprocal tariffs, 20% fentanyl-based tariff, and 25% existing tariff on China). Tariffs on U.S. exports to China meanwhile remain at 10%.

In addition, there is further agreement on nontariff barriers, including critical Chinese rare-earth minerals. China has agreed to temporarily restore rare-earth licenses to U.S. manufacturers for six months, while the U.S. will relax restrictions on Chinese jet engines and related parts. While a step in the right direction, the U.S. and China trade relationship is a critical one to monitor in the months ahead.

- The July 9 deadline on other trading partners may be extended as negotiations remain ongoing: Meanwhile, the end of the 90-day pause on non-Chinese trading partners is fast approaching on July 9. Last week, Treasury Secretary Bessent indicated that the administration may extend the 90-day pause for top trading partners, if they show "good faith" in ongoing trade negotiations. We know that establishing trade deals that address tariff and nontariff barriers can take time, often months or years, and we would expect some extension for partners who are currently in discussions with the U.S. However, even during this pause, tariffs on these partners remain somewhat elevated at 10%.

The bottom line, in our view, is that uncertainty around tariffs remains, but the worst-case outcome or the highest tariff rates that were outlined on April 2 will likely be avoided.

Nonetheless, it is likely that tariff rates in the U.S. will move substantially higher from the approximate 2% rates we saw at the beginning of the year, to potentially 10%+ and even higher on China and other select sectors. We would expect average tariff rates with Canada to increase to between 5% and 10%.

This will likely weigh on both inflation and economic growth, as prices on goods move higher and consumption potentially slows. But it is important to keep in mind that both the U.S. and Canada are services-driven economies, with around 70% of GDP coming from services sectors. While tariffs could impact goods pricing and demand, they may not have as broad of an impact on a service-led economy.

In addition, while prices on goods may move higher, they can be offset by a number of factors: Companies building inventories ahead of tariffs, diversifying supply chains where they can, and even absorbing some of the higher tariff costs themselves without passing it on to consumers.

Thus, while we expect prices to rise marginally and growth to slow in the quarters ahead, we still see positive economic growth, and we do not yet see a recession or prolonged downturn in the U.S. or Canada.

2) Geopolitical tensions rising again

Last week, tensions in the Middle East flared again, as Israel carried out airstrikes against Iran, targeting nuclear-program facilities.

This unrest sparked a risk-off sentiment in equity markets globally, as well as a sharp move higher in oil prices. Three key points to keep in mind as we navigate geopolitical uncertainty:

- Geopolitical tensions, while often taking a huge human toll, typically have short-lived impacts on financial markets and tend to be met with a flight-to-safety response as well as a rise in commodity/oil prices.

- The impact on oil and energy importing economies can be more severe than on exporters.

- Balanced portfolios tend to perform better during these times. The rise in the energy and commodity sectors can offset some of the broader equity market volatility, as an example.

3) U.S. tax bill and central-bank rate cuts coming?

Finally, we will also be watching the U.S. tax bill and the Federal Reserve and Bank of Canada (BoC) in the weeks ahead. We are monitoring how the tax bill unfolds in the U.S. Senate ahead of July 4, and what the final details in this bill include. In our view, while there are some marginally stimulative measures being proposed in the potential tax bill, the biggest component is the extension of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. This, however, is status quo to the current tax backdrop and may not alter corporate spending or behavior meaningfully.

Lastly, we would expect the Fed and BoC to cut interest rates in the back half of the year as well. For now, both central banks are likely in wait-and-see mode as we get further clarity on tariffs and potentially see their impact on the economic data. However, if the economy or labour market softens, the Fed and BoC are more likely to cut rates – in our view, we see one to two rate cuts in 2025 by both central banks as likely.

Portfolio positioning for the second half of 2025

Overall, economic data in the U.S. and Canada held up well in the first half of 2025, despite uncertainty around trade, taxes and geopolitics. After a strong run in stock markets, we could see bouts of volatility emerge as investors digest news on tariffs, a new tax bill, and ongoing geopolitical unrest.

However, as we head into the back half of 2025 and into 2026, investors may have a better setup: Central banks may be cutting rates, and we should have more clarity on tariffs, deregulation, and taxes, in our view. There is the potential for corporate earnings growth to reaccelerate next year as well.

In this environment, we believe bouts of volatility can be used as opportunities to add quality investments at better prices. We continue to favor diversification and broadening leadership as key investment themes.

We recommend overweight positions in both U.S. large-cap and mid-cap stocks. And within investment grade bonds, we see value in the seven- to 10-year maturity space, with U.S. 10-year Treasury yields still favorable around 4.4%.

Remember, for long-term investors, talking to your financial advisor in periods of uncertainty can be helpful. We recommend establishing strategies like dollar cost averaging to gradually and consistently add exposure to markets according to your personalized investment strategy, which can lead to meeting and even exceeding long-term financial goals.

Mona Mahajan
Investment Strategist

^{Source: 1. FactSet}

Weekly market stats

Source: FactSet, 6/13/2025. Bonds represented by the Bloomberg Canada Aggregate Bond Index. Past performance does not guarantee future results. * Source: Morningstar Direct, 6/15/2025.

The Week Ahead

Important economic releases this week include retail sales data for the U.S. and Canada along with the Fed meeting.